Home Page
News Update
Events Calendar
Morning Briefing
About Us
Our Services
Partners
Contact Us  

9 May 2003
News Stories:May Headlines

Click-on these handy "jump links" to quickly access the news item
you're looking for.

1. Your Sars questions answered

2. Leaders get tough with local officials

3. Infection rate falls to a new low

4. Change pay structure, not pay levels

5. Lifting the quality of life

6. Different Sars criteria

7. How the toilet flush may spread the Sars virus

8. Draft Kwu Tung South Outline Zoning Plan approved

9. Draft Mid-Levels East Outline Zoning Plan approved

10. Draft Lam Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan approved

1. Your Sars questions answered
DOCTOR MARGARET CHENG, SCMP 9 May 2003

Q I just read in an Indian newspaper that the chief minister of Tamil Nadu suggests that Sars patients take the following: "Crush a Tulsi plant with roots. Mix it with water. Add a teaspoonful each of turmeric powder and pepper powder. Heat the mixture on low with two glasses of water until the volume is reduced to half a glass. Drink it twice a day before food to control the virus." I wonder whether this remedy works?

A The Tulsi plant, known as Holy Basil in English, or its scientific name Ocimum sanctum, holds a place of honour in Ayurvedic, or traditional Hindu medicine, for its many reported medicinal values. Its leaves are used in teas to bring down fever and it is also used in cough mixtures to help clear mucus and to resolve coughing. The plant itself contains vitamin C and other vitamins useful for supporting the immune system and fighting off infection. Tulsi oil has been found to have anti-bacterial properties and possibly anti-viral properties as well. Turmeric is a well-known antiseptic used widely in Indian cooking as much for its anti-bacterial and food preservative properties as for its effect on taste and colour. So it is not surprising a mixture of these two substances might be tried as a possible treatment for people battling a respiratory infection like Sars. However, as a western-trained doctor I would have to see evidence of clear improvement in people with Sars taking this treatment before I could recommend it. Furthermore, anyone with a suspected case of Sars needs to be isolated to prevent the virus spreading. So even if the treatment does work well, a Sars patient treating themselves at home may be spreading the disease.

Q Warm and humid weather is here and mosquitoes will be out again in large numbers soon. Can they carry the virus and spread it? Similarly, are domestic animals suspected of carrying the virus?

A No. This is not a virus that mosquitoes can spread. However, dengue fever is, so make sure there are no pools of stagnant water under your pot plants or in rubbish around your building. Use mosquito repellent on your skin and put mosquito netting over your beds. Domestic animals do not carry Sars - you have nothing to fear from your cat, dog or whatever pet you share your life with. In fact, having a pet has been shown to reduce stress levels and improve immunity.

Q What is the difference between bacterial and viral pneumonia? Are the symptoms the same? How can we be sure that atypical pneumonia is indeed Sars and not common pneumonia? Thirteen months ago I was hospitalised with pneumonia. Despite acute chest pain, the X-ray did not reveal anything, until the MRI showed a mass in the lung which, when removed, was analysed as "organising pneumonia". Does this suggest that Sars is difficult to diagnose?

A Pneumonia simply means inflammation of the lungs. The basic problem is inflammatory fluid builds up in the alveoli, the air sacs whose job it is to get oxygen from the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out of the body and into the air we breathe out. When there is too much fluid in the alveoli, this oxygen and carbon-dioxide exchange no longer works properly and the body becomes starved of oxygen. If this goes on for too long, or too many of the alveoli are blocked up with fluid, the vital organs needing high levels of oxygen such as the heart, the kidneys and the liver stop working and the person with pneumonia dies. There are many different things that can lead to this lung inflammation. The two most common forms are viral and bacterial infections. Pneumonia symptoms - sharp, stabbing chest pain, shortness of breath, dry cough and high fever - are usually the same but the symptoms and history leading up to it are not. The reason Sars was originally called "atypical pneumonia" was that some people had quite noticeable changes on their lung X-rays without initially having the severe symptoms of pneumonia. In your case it was the other way round. Your symptoms were more severe than the initial X-ray.

2. Leaders get tough with local officials
FONG TAK-HO, SCMP 9 May 2003

As many as 120 mainland officials have been sacked or reprimanded for dereliction of their duties in the battle against Sars, the central government said yesterday.

The punishment of local officials is part of a rare and highly public campaign to ensure national directives are being implemented. Xinhua reported last night that officials from 15 cities or regions, including Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia and Zhejiang, had been fired or disciplined.

"This is the first time China has penalised such a wide range of officials for dereliction of duty during an unexpected calamity," an official of the party's central organisation department was quoted by Xinhua as saying.

As the virus continued to spread, the World Health Organisation advised against non-essential travel to Tianjin, Inner Mongolia and Taipei. All three areas had seen flare-ups in caseloads and shown evidence that the virus was being spread outside of hospitals, said WHO spokesman Dick Thompson.

The WHO also said it would send infectious-disease control experts to three inland provinces - Guangxi, Anhui and Henan - which are thought to be the next hot spots.

It is feared that Sars will be difficult to control if the virus gets a foothold in rural areas, where there is a lack of medical infrastructure.

The three provinces have some of the lowest reported totals of Sars cases, but all are considered at risk. Anhui has reported nine, Henan 15 and Guangxi 20, with three deaths in Guangxi.

Hong Kong, Beijing, Guangdong and Shanxi were already under WHO advisories, which have crippled tourism and business travel.

A Beijing party cadre described the sackings as an unprecedented drive to shake up the communist bureaucracy, whose slow response to Sars has been cited as one of the major reasons for its rapid spread.

Since the high-profile sacking of former health minister Zhang Wenkang and former Beijing mayor Meng Xuenong on April 20, lower-ranking officials have been coming under intense pressure to perform.

President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have warned on several occasions that cadres would be held responsible for failing to comply with party instructions, including demands for immediate reporting of new cases.

Disciplinary action included suspensions, demotions and public reprimands, the report said. The reasons given included concealing Sars cases, implementing disease-control measures slowly and taking leave without approval.
The crackdown also stands in contrast to previous accusations that at various points in the crisis, propaganda officials had ordered the media not to report on Sars, and in doing so withheld information on the outbreak from the public.

The reprimands reflect the new leadership's desire to project an open image to the international community, said Xu Fengxian, a research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing.

Wang Tianqin, the former deputy party boss of Hebei province's Zhuozhou city, was one of the 120 officials punished. She was sacked last month for her failure to respond quickly to a suspected Sars case, which led to the outbreak in the city that month. "I almost fainted on hearing of my sacking," she was quoted as saying.

Wang Tingjiu, the official who dismissed her, said he acted on orders from the central leadership.

Among those punished were also 15 medical staff in Beijing, who left their posts without approval.

In Henan, the entire senior leadership of Xihuating county was punished after an inspection team found the officers in charge of the quarantine office playing cards.

In Shenqiu county, the party's senior leadership was replaced for failing to isolate the first suspected Sars case.

3. Infection rate falls to a new low
PATSY MOY, SCMP 9 May 2003

Hong Kong yesterday received a boost in the fight against Sars as the number of new infections hit a new low of seven cases and the number of deaths fell to four, the lowest level since April 24.

The special administrative region has now had five consecutive days with infection numbers in single figures. The number of recovered patients passed through the 1,000 mark yesterday.

It was also the first time in recent weeks that there were no new cases in Tai Po, Director of Health Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun said.

Dr Chan also said it was encouraging that no new infections were found in Amoy Gardens, Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate and Koway Court, which had previously been hard hit.

Lai Kar-neng, the head of renal medicine at the University of Hong Kong, said the drop in new infections was a positive sign but he warned Hong Kong remained under the threat of another outbreak if the city failed to rectify the problem of faulty sewerage. Faulty pipes were blamed for the Sars outbreak at Amoy Gardens.

"Hong Kong may not survive a new financial blow if there is a second major outbreak," Professor Lai said. "So it is very important for Hong Kong people to remain vigilant and maintain good personal and environmental hygiene all year round."

The seven new cases yesterday included two medical workers from Prince of Wales Hospital and Tuen Mun Hospital, taking the toll to 1,661.

All four people who died yesterday had chronic illnesses and were aged 60 or above. They included a woman of 100, who is believed to be the oldest Sars fatality in Hong Kong so far. The Hong Kong death toll is now 208.

A total of 1,008 patients have recovered, including 24 who were discharged yesterday. But 445 patients remained in hospital, with 66 in intensive care units. So far, 1,081 people from 425 families have been subjected to home confinement.

Dr Chan said she did not see a need to extend the duration of home confinement for people with close contact with Sars patients, which is now set for 10 days.

Despite the raft of good news yesterday, the World Health Organisation upgraded its estimate of the mortality rate of Sars in Hong Kong from between 6 and 10 per cent to 15 per cent.

4. Change pay structure, not pay levels
PAUL HEMPEL, SCMP 9 May 2003

A civil service pay cut of 6 per cent, phased in over two years, was agreed by the Hong Kong government and unions. However, couching the debate on civil service salaries simply in terms of wage levels is a wasted opportunity for genuine reform. If the government is serious about reducing the size of the civil service, creating a performance-related culture and managing costs, it is necessary to reform the salary system - something it has begun to address in its comprehensive review of the civil service pay policy and system.

Reform must address three structural problems in the system: salary-range compression, job-based salaries and the emphasis on basic pay. Any such changes would be strenuously resisted by civil servants, but with the government enjoying high levels of support over the need to make changes, there may be no better time.

Are civil servants overpaid, compared to their private-sector colleagues? Overall, it seems to be the case. But does this imply they are all overpaid? Perhaps not. The South China Morning Post, on February 24, printed a letter from one former civil servant who had been lured to the private sector by higher wages and better career prospects. Editorial pages have commented extensively on the exodus of skilled senior managers from the civil service. Something is apparently amiss.

The problem does not lie with pay levels, but rather the way civil service salaries are set - using a traditional system relying on job grades and salary ranges. Salary surveys are used to determine the overall pay structure, rather than the wages for specific jobs. This system makes it possible to infer market wages for jobs where there is no private-sector equivalent. The downside is that the system is cumbersome and it is difficult to account for changing market conditions for specific jobs. The difference between the lowest- and highest-paid in the civil service is less than in the private sector. This explains why some civil servants are underpaid, even though the civil service, as a whole, might be overpaid. Most civil servants are in jobs with low salary grades, and are overpaid relative to the market rate. However, civil servants on high salary grades could earn more in the private sector. The 6 per cent pay cut will help the government reduce expenditure, but it will also exacerbate the problem of underpayment among higher-level civil servants.

The obvious solution is to shift the civil service salary line to the market line by reducing the pay for low salary grades while increasing top-tier wages. While attractive, this only addresses one structural issue, which differentiates the civil service pay system from that of the private sector. Such a change does not affect the emphasis on job-related basic pay in the civil service.

The private sector has long abandoned an emphasis on fixed salaries for certain job titles, instead emphasising performance-related pay, with bonuses as incentives. The civil service, instead, emphasises basic salary, determined mostly by job title and seniority. This creates inflexibility in labour-cost budgeting and limits the use of monetary rewards as a motivational tool. Promotions are used as a reward, but reducing the size of the civil service eliminates this.

Giving double increments to outstanding performers is another practice abandoned by the private sector. One reason is because such workers soon reach the maximum salary level for their job. More important, merit increases in basic salary reward past performance rather than promoting future performance. A bonus that must be earned every year is more effective in motivating future performance.

Two main impediments stand in the way of fundamental salary reform. The first is the idea the civil service is, somehow, unique and it is not possible to evaluate and reward individual contributions. However, it must be pointed out that it is a service organisation, and such private-sector businesses have been evaluating and rewarding individual contributions for a long time. The second impediment, the legal issue raised by the Basic Law, is more serious, and this constraint is being addressed by the courts.

From the perspective of a compensation-based system, there are two legal points which need to be resolved. First, whether the protection for conditions of employment provides an absolute salary floor, or whether this is relative to the private sector. Civil servants would expect their pay to rise in line with the private sector - but would this also apply to pay decreases?

Second, there is the question of whether the Basic Law freezes the administrative rules governing civil service pay. If performance-related pay leaves average salaries unchanged, while giving more money to high performers and less to poor performers, is this illegal?

Fundamental changes to the administration of civil service salaries would be difficult and require fundamental changes in the performance culture. But change is possible, given time, determination and support.

Paul Hempel is an associate professor in the Management Department at the City University of Hong Kong. He teaches and researches human resource management, specialising in performance management and compensation.

5. Lifting the quality of life
Letter to the Editor, 9 May 2003

I was happy to see your leader headlined "Quality of life in Hong Kong paramount to success" (May 6). I agree completely with this point.

However, in hindsight your wisdom misses a critical point about changing population growth. In 1997, the population growth rate for Hong Kong was estimated at 3 per cent per year, which required a big investment in housing. So the chief executive's push to build more housing was a sensible response.

However, the chief executive also asked some important questions about population change and growth, which can be seen with hindsight to have been very wise. The population growth rate is now under 1 per cent per year, which allows rethinking of planning density.

I believe that improving transport to both the north and west would further expand the options for Hong Kong people and increase the quality of life.

We must avoid simplistic assumptions about who wants to live where and instead increase choice, which is a key component of quality of life.

Dr JOHN BACON-SHONE, Director, Social Sciences Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong

6. Different Sars criteria
Letter to the Editor, 9 May 2003

I fully support the Department of Health criteria for diagnosis of confirmed cases of Sars.
For readers' information, a confirmed case is someone with fever and X-ray evidence of pneumonia and two of the following: cough (or dyspnoea), chills, myalgia, history of contact or travel to infected area.

In comparision, the WHO criteria for probable cases (equivalent to our confirmed cases) are: suspected cases with X-ray changes, or laboratory tests positive to coronavirus, or Sars confirmed postmortem. According to the WHO, a suspected case is someone who (after November 1, 2002) has fever, cough or dyspnoea and a history of contact or has visited an infected area within the previous 10 days.

Note that in an average year, Hong Kong has some 20,000 cases of pneumonia, with about half due to atypical pneumonia (which, in the past, were due to agents other than Sars). Among these cases are about 3,000 of current interest (mostly the very old and the very young, but a small number of young adults).

Using WHO criteria, a lot of these cases will be included as confirmed cases in Hong Kong, causing unnecessary panic among the public.

Yes, we have to be vigilant so that the government does not hide the real facts from the public.

However, for the so-called medical pressure group to bark at suspected government wrongdoings without justification is, in fact, doing Hong Kong a disservice during this Sars crisis.

Dr ROBERT C L LAW, Central

7. How the toilet flush may spread the Sars virus
Letter to the Editor, 9 May 2003

There has been concern about the transmission of the Sars virus through contaminated sewage systems and the use of contaminated toilets in the Amoy Gardens cluster of cases.

Now the WHO has confirmed that coronavirus can survive in human excrement for about four days and that convalescent patients shed the virus in their excrement for weeks. The experts have further warned that since the virus survives in sub-zero temperatures indefinitely, it might in all probability re-emerge next spring.

To most people, the term toilet transmission conjures up a scenario of finger-soiling and transferring the virus to food, but few are aware of the role of aerosol (droplets and airborne particles) churned up by flush systems.

There are currently two main toilet-flushing systems. One system uses water cascade and the other whirlpool.

The cascade system generates a lot of noise and a tremendous quantity of aerosol, as was proven by Japanese scientists four to five years ago.

The whirlpool system is quiet and generates much less aerosol - one should consider this when buying a toilet.

If an infected user contaminates a toilet bowl, the next user may get the virus through aerosol inhalation, whether he flushes before or after use. Closing the toilet lid may help, but note the lid is not airtight. The government advisory on this precaution notwithstanding, transmission through public toilets is very important in the prevention and containment of Sars and other respiratory viruses shed by patients in their urine or faeces during convalescence.

Many people use a public toilet every day. Think of this mode of cross-infection in a hospital, even in staff toilets.

Many old residential premises are in need of repair, their sewerage faulty and plumbing dysfunctional. The hind section of the water seal in the toilet elbow communicates freely with the common sewage drain of the premises.

Pathogenic microbes may contaminate the drains and spread vertically again in the next pneumonia season. Since 20 per cent of Sars cases defy contact tracing, this transmission mode could be more significant than we have realised.

I suggest all public hospitals change their toilets to the whirlpool type to prevent cross-infection among frontline medical workers, whose infection rate has been scandalous and a major public concern.

In future, the building ordinance should mandate the installation of whirlpool toilets in all public residential towers and all public toilets.

Dr CLEMENT LEUNG KAI-MAN, Jordan

8. Draft Kwu Tung South Outline Zoning Plan approved
Hong Kong Government, 9 May 2003

The Chief Executive in Council has approved the draft Kwu Tung South Outline Zoning Plan (OZP).

"The approved OZP provides a statutory land use framework to guide development and redevelopment in the Kwu Tung South area," a spokesman for the Town Planning Board said today (May 9).

The Planning Scheme Area, covering about 525 hectares of land, is bounded by the Hong Kong Golf Club in the east, Fanling Highway in the north, Ki Lun Shan in the west and the Lam Tsuen Country Park in the south. It is mainly rural in character with flat agricultural land intermixed with recognised villages.

The good agricultural land in the area, covering about 231.6ha, is zoned "Agriculture" to retain and safeguard it for agricultural purposes.

A total of 43.9ha of land is zoned "Village Type Development" to demarcate existing recognised villages and areas suitable for village expansion.

A site near Kam Tsin Village and another site in Lin Tong Mei Tsoi Yuen covering 13.9ha of land are zoned "Comprehensive Development Area" to encourage comprehensive low-density residential development.

Some 35.2 ha of land is zoned "Residential (Group C)" to reflect the existing and permitted low-density residential development.

About 46ha of land is zoned "Recreation" to encourage the development of active recreational facilities to foster tourism. A total of 3.2 hectares of land is zoned "Open Space" to provide active and passive recreational opportunities for the local population.

About 10.1ha of land is zoned "Government, Institution or Community" to serve the needs of the local as well as district population.

Some 134.3ha of land, which mainly consists of areas adjacent to Ki Lun Shan (Hadden Hill), Fuk Tsuen Shan (Fir Hill) and Pak Tai To Yan, is zoned "Green Belt" ("GB") to define the limits of urban development, to contain urban sprawl and to provide a passive recreational outlet. There is a general presumption against development within the "GB" zone.

The approved Kwu Tung South OZP No. S/NE-KTS/8 is now available for public inspection during office hours at:

* Secretariat of the Town Planning Board, 15/F, North Point Government Offices, 333 Java Road;

* Sha Tin, Tai Po and North District Planning Office, Planning Department, 13/F, Sha Tin Government Offices, 1 Sheung Wo Che Road, Sha Tin;

* North District Office, 3/F, North District Government Offices, 3 Pik Fung Road, Fanling; and

* Sheung Shui District Rural Committee, 3 Po Wan Road, Sheung Shui.

Copies of the approved OZP are available for sale at the Map Publications Centres in Yau Ma Tei and North Point. Its electronic version is viewable from the Town Planning Board's website (www.info.gov.hk/tpb).

9. Draft Mid-Levels East Outline Zoning Plan approved
Hong Kong Government, 9 May 2003

The Chief Executive in Council has approved the draft Mid-Levels East Outline Zoning Plan (OZP).

"The approved OZP provides a statutory land use planning framework to guide the development and redevelopment within the Mid-Levels East area," a spokesman for the Town Planning Board said today (May 9).

The Planning Scheme Area, covering 63.3 hectares of land, is bounded by Kennedy Road in the north, Stubbs Road in the east and Bowen Drive in the west. The 200-230 metres contour forms its southern limit. According to the 2001 Census, the total population of the area was about 8,000. It is estimated that the planned population of the area would be about 8,100.

The area is an established high-class residential area. Low-to-medium density residential developments and Government, institution and community uses (GIC) are concentrated in the northern and eastern parts of the area. About 66% of the area is designated as open space and green belt.

A total of about 1.8ha covering the Lingnan Campus site at Stubbs Road to the west of Tung Shan Terrace is zoned Comprehensive Development Area (CDA). It is intended for high-class, low-density residential development.

About 4.4ha is zoned Residential (Group B). It is predominantly for medium-density residential use and includes residential developments along Kennedy Road and the eastern part of Shiu Fai Terrace.

Areas zoned Residential (Group C) ("R(C)"), covering about 6.9ha, are primarily for residential use and include the residential developments at Tung Shan Terrace, which are designated as R(C)1, and those at Shiu Fai Terrace, which are designated as R(C)2.

There are also a number of sites, covering about 4.6ha, which are zoned Government, Institution or Community. Existing GIC uses include St. James' Church and St. James' Settlement at Kennedy Road, Freni Care and Attention Home for the Elderly at Shiu Fai Terrace and a number of primary and secondary schools.

About 1ha is zoned Open Space to provide passive and active recreational facilities for local residents. Existing open spaces are located along Bowen Road, to the north of Shiu Fai Terrace, to the west of Tung Shan Terrace and at the junction of Wan Chai Gap Road and Bowen Road.

The hill slopes in the central and southern parts of the area, taking up about 41.5ha, are zoned Green Belt, which forms a visually and aesthetically pleasing background. It also provides additional opportunities for passive recreational uses. Urban-type development within this zone will be strictly controlled and assessed individually on its merits through the planning permission system.

The approved OZP No. S/H12/8 is now available for public inspection during office hours at the following locations:

* Secretariat of the Town Planning Board, 15th Floor, North Point Government Offices, 333 Java Road;

* Hong Kong District Planning Office, 14th Floor, North Point Government Offices; and

* Wan Chai District Office, Ground Floor, 2 O'Brien Road, Wan Chai.

Copies of the approved plan are available for sale at the Map Publications Centres in Yau Ma Tei and North Point. An electronic version can be viewed on the Town Planning Board's website www.info.gov.hk/tpb.

10. Draft Lam Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan approved
Hong Kong Government, 9 May 2003

The Chief Executive in Council has approved the draft Lam Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan (OZP).

"The approved OZP provides a statutory land use framework to guide development and redevelopment in Lam Tsuen," a spokesman for the Town Planning Board said today (May 9).

The Planning Scheme Area, covering about 424 hectares of land, is bounded by Tai Po New Town to the east, Tai Mo Shan Country Park to the southeast, Lam Tsuen Country Park to the west and Kau Lung Hang/Hong Lok Yuen to the northeast.

"The whole area falls within the upper indirect water gathering ground. Developments generating waste and pollutants would be strictly controlled to protect the water resources. Therefore the primary planning intention of the area is to retain its rural character by controlling development and promoting agricultural activities, and to allow village expansion only in appropriate areas," the spokesman said.

The good agricultural land and the land with good potential for rehabilitation in the area are zoned "Agriculture" to retain and safeguard them for agricultural purposes. The zone takes up about 209.4 hectares of land.

Some 85ha of land is zoned "Village Type Development" to demarcate existing recognised villages. This land is suitable for village expansion.

The She Shan Tsuen Fung Shui Woodland covering about 5.5ha of land is zoned "Site of Special Scientific Interest" ("SSSI") to conserve the "fung shui" woodland, which includes important and protected plant species.

The upland valleys at Tai Om Shan Village and Siu Om Shan Village as well as the wooded hill slopes to the east and south of the She Shan Tsuen Fung Shui Woodland are zoned "Conservation Area" taking up about 25.2ha of land. The zone is intended to retain the existing natural character of the area and to serve as a buffer between the SSSI and the built development.

A total of 61.8ha of land is zoned "Green Belt" ("GB") to define the limits of urban development, to contain urban sprawl and to provide a passive recreational outlet. There is a general presumption against development within the "GB" zone.

An area at the north of Fong Ma Po Village covering about 8.7ha of land is zoned "Recreation" to encourage developments for recreational uses.

Some 12.6ha of land is zoned "Government, Institution or Community" to serve the needs of the local and district population.

The approved Lam Tsuen OZP No. S/NE-LT/7 is now available for public inspection during office hours at:

* Secretariat of the Town Planning Board, 15/F, North Point Government Offices, 333 Java Road, North Point;

* Sha Tin, Tai Po and North District Planning Office, Planning Department, 13/F, Sha Tin Government Offices, 1 Sheung Wo Che Road, Sha Tin;

* Tai Po District Office, G/F, Tai Po Government Offices, 1 Ting Kok Road; and

* Tai Po Rural Committee, G/F, 1 Heung Sze Wui Street, Tai Po.

Copies of the approved OZP are available for sale at the Map Publications Centres in Yau Ma Tei and North Point. Its electronic version is viewable on the Town Planning Board's website (www.info.gov.hk/tpb).

 




Home Page | About Us | Our Services | News Updates | Events Calendar | Morning Briefing | Partners
Top of Page | Contact Us | Site Search | Legal Disclaimer | Privacy Policy
© 2001 SKYLINE Technologies Limited. All Rights Reserved.